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''Stenotrophomonas maltophilia'' is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. Initially classified as ''Pseudomonas maltophilia'', ''S. maltophilia'' was also grouped in the genus ''Xanthomonas'' before eventually becoming the type species of the genus ''Stenotrophomonas'' in 1993. ''S. maltophilia'' is slightly smaller (0.7–1.8 × 0.4–0.7 μm) than other members of the genus. They are motile due to polar flagella, and grow well on MacConkey agar producing pigmented colonies. ''S. maltophilia'' is catalase-positive, oxidase-negative (which distinguishes it from most other members of the genus) and has a positive reaction for extracellular DNase. ''S. maltophilia'' is ubiquitous in aqueous environments, soil, and plants; it has also been used in biotechnology applications. In immunocompromised patients, ''S. maltophilia'' can lead to nosocomial infections. == Pathogenesis == ''S. maltophilia'' frequently colonizes breathing tubes such as endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes, the respiratory tract and indwelling urinary catheters. Infection is usually facilitated by the presence of prosthetic material (plastic or metal), and the most effective treatment is removal of the prosthetic material (usually a central venous catheter or similar device). The growth of ''S. maltophilia'' in microbiological cultures of respiratory or urinary specimens is, therefore, sometimes difficult to interpret and not a proof of infection. If, however, it is grown from sites which would be normally sterile (e.g., blood), then it usually represents true infection. In immunocompetent individuals, ''S. maltophilia'' is a relatively unusual cause of pneumonia, urinary tract infection, or bloodstream infection; in immunocompromised patients, however, ''S. maltophilia'' is a growing source of latent pulmonary infections. ''S. maltophilia'' colonization rates in individuals with cystic fibrosis have been increasing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stenotrophomonas maltophilia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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